The primary cause of gum disease is plaque. However, there are numerous other contributors that can affect the health of your gums and lead to periodontitis. Causes of gum disease include:

• Age: Older people have the highest rates of gum disease
• Clenching or grinding teeth: This puts extra force on the tissue that supports the teeth, potentially speeding up the rate at which these tissues are destroyed
• Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing infections because their ability to use blood sugar is reduced
• Genetics: Research has shown people may be more genetically susceptible to gum disease. Despite sufficient oral care habits, they may be more likely to develop the disease.
• Medication use or substance abuse: Certain drugs lessen the flow of saliva, which is intended to protect the gums and teeth. Other drugs can lead to abnormal growth of gum tissue.
• Poor nutrition & obesity: If the body does not receive the nutrients it needs, the immune system may be compromised, thus making it harder for the body to fight off infection.
• Smoking & tobacco use: Tobacco hinders the gum tissue’s ability to repair itself, thus speeding up the development and progression of periodontal disease.
• Systematic diseases: Diseases such as cancer or HIV can interfere with the immune system, thus affecting the condition of the gums.
• Times of heightened gum sensitivity: Pregnancy, puberty, menopause, and menstruation are times when the gums are more sensitive, making it easier for gingivitis to develop.